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\n**Formant frequencies**: determined by vocal tract shape; F1 controls vowel openness, F2 controls front/back
\n**Typical ranges**: F1: 250–850 Hz, F2: 850–2500 Hz, F3: 1700–3500 Hz
\n**Implementation**: uses [`@audio/filter-resonator`](https://github.com/audiojs/filter/tree/main/packages/filter-resonator) internally — constant peak-gain bandpass per formant
\n**Defaults**: F1=730 Hz (bw 90, gain 1), F2=1090 Hz (bw 110, gain 0.5), F3=2440 Hz (bw 170, gain 0.3) — open vowel /a/\n\n```js\nformant(excitation, { fs: 44100 }) // vowel /a/ (default)\n\nformant(excitation, {\n formants: [{ fc: 270, bw: 60, gain: 1 }, { fc: 2290, bw: 90, gain: 0.5 }],\n fs: 44100\n}) // vowel /i/\n```\n\n| Param | Default | |\n|---|---|---|\n| `formants` | 3-formant /a/ bank | array of `{ fc, bw?, gain? }` — `bw` default `50`, `gain` default `1` per band |\n| `fs` | `44100` | sample rate, Hz |\n\nRebuilds the resonator bank only when a band's `fc`/`bw`/`gain` or `fs` actually changes (keyed by content, not object identity) — safe to reuse or mutate the same `formants` array across calls.\n\n**Use when:** speech synthesis, singing synthesis, vocal effects, acoustic phonetics.\n\n**Not a substitute for:** LPC synthesis, which estimates formants automatically from a speech signal.\n\n---\n\nPart of [@audio/filter](https://github.com/audiojs/filter) — the filter family umbrella. This README is generated from the umbrella docs.\n\nMIT © [audiojs](https://github.com/audiojs)\n","readmeFilename":"README.md"}