import { Callout } from "nextra/components"
import { Code } from "@/components/Code"
import { Accordion, Accordions } from "@/components/Accordion"

<a href="https://orm.drizzle.team">
  <img align="right" src="/img/adapters/drizzle.svg" width="64" height="64" />
</a>

# Drizzle ORM Adapter

## Resources

- [Drizzle ORM documentation](https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/overview)

## Setup

### Installation

```bash npm2yarn
npm install drizzle-orm @auth/drizzle-adapter
npm install drizzle-kit --save-dev
```

### Environment Variables

```sh
AUTH_DRIZZLE_URL=postgres://postgres:postgres@127.0.0.1:5432/db
```

### Configuration

To use this adapter, you must have setup Drizzle ORM and Drizzle Kit in your project. Drizzle provides a simple [quick start guide](https://orm.drizzle.team/kit-docs/quick). For more details, follow the Drizzle documentation for your respective database ([PostgreSQL](https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/get-started-postgresql), [MySQL](https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/get-started-mysql) or [SQLite](https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/get-started-sqlite)). In summary, that setup should look something like this.

1. Create your schema file, based off of one of the ones below.
2. Install a supported database driver to your project, like `@libsql/client`, `mysql2` or `postgres`.
3. Create a `drizzle.config.ts` [file](https://orm.drizzle.team/kit-docs/conf).
4. Generate the initial migration from your schema file with a command like, `drizzle-kit generate`.
5. Apply migrations by using `migrate()` function or push changes directly to your database with a command like, `drizzle-kit push`.
6. If your schemas differ from the default ones, pass them as the second parameter to the adapter.

#### Schemas

<Accordions>
<Accordion title="PostgreSQL">
If you want to modify the schema or add additional fields, you can use the following schema as a starting point:

```ts filename="schema.ts"
import {
  boolean,
  timestamp,
  pgTable,
  text,
  primaryKey,
  integer,
} from "drizzle-orm/pg-core"
import postgres from "postgres"
import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/postgres-js"
import type { AdapterAccountType } from "next-auth/adapters"

const connectionString = "postgres://postgres:postgres@localhost:5432/drizzle"
const pool = postgres(connectionString, { max: 1 })

export const db = drizzle(pool)

export const users = pgTable("user", {
  id: text("id")
    .primaryKey()
    .$defaultFn(() => crypto.randomUUID()),
  name: text("name"),
  email: text("email").unique(),
  emailVerified: timestamp("emailVerified", { mode: "date" }),
  image: text("image"),
})

export const accounts = pgTable(
  "account",
  {
    userId: text("userId")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    type: text("type").$type<AdapterAccountType>().notNull(),
    provider: text("provider").notNull(),
    providerAccountId: text("providerAccountId").notNull(),
    refresh_token: text("refresh_token"),
    access_token: text("access_token"),
    expires_at: integer("expires_at"),
    token_type: text("token_type"),
    scope: text("scope"),
    id_token: text("id_token"),
    session_state: text("session_state"),
  },
  (account) => ({
    compoundKey: primaryKey({
      columns: [account.provider, account.providerAccountId],
    }),
  })
)

export const sessions = pgTable("session", {
  sessionToken: text("sessionToken").primaryKey(),
  userId: text("userId")
    .notNull()
    .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
  expires: timestamp("expires", { mode: "date" }).notNull(),
})

export const verificationTokens = pgTable(
  "verificationToken",
  {
    identifier: text("identifier").notNull(),
    token: text("token").notNull(),
    expires: timestamp("expires", { mode: "date" }).notNull(),
  },
  (verificationToken) => ({
    compositePk: primaryKey({
      columns: [verificationToken.identifier, verificationToken.token],
    }),
  })
)

export const authenticators = pgTable(
  "authenticator",
  {
    credentialID: text("credentialID").notNull().unique(),
    userId: text("userId")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    providerAccountId: text("providerAccountId").notNull(),
    credentialPublicKey: text("credentialPublicKey").notNull(),
    counter: integer("counter").notNull(),
    credentialDeviceType: text("credentialDeviceType").notNull(),
    credentialBackedUp: boolean("credentialBackedUp").notNull(),
    transports: text("transports"),
  },
  (authenticator) => ({
    compositePK: primaryKey({
      columns: [authenticator.userId, authenticator.credentialID],
    }),
  })
)
```

</Accordion>
<Accordion title="MySQL">
If you want to modify the schema or add additional fields, you can use the following schema as a starting point:

```ts filename="schema.ts"
import {
  boolean,
  int,
  timestamp,
  mysqlTable,
  primaryKey,
  varchar,
} from "drizzle-orm/mysql-core"
import mysql from "mysql2/promise"
import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/mysql2"
import type { AdapterAccountType } from "next-auth/adapters"

export const connection = await mysql.createConnection({
  host: "host",
  user: "user",
  password: "password",
  database: "database",
})

export const db = drizzle(connection)

export const users = mysqlTable("user", {
  id: varchar("id", { length: 255 })
    .primaryKey()
    .$defaultFn(() => crypto.randomUUID()),
  name: varchar("name", { length: 255 }),
  email: varchar("email", { length: 255 }).unique(),
  emailVerified: timestamp("emailVerified", {
    mode: "date",
    fsp: 3,
  }),
  image: varchar("image", { length: 255 }),
})

export const accounts = mysqlTable(
  "account",
  {
    userId: varchar("userId", { length: 255 })
      .notNull()
      .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    type: varchar("type", { length: 255 })
      .$type<AdapterAccountType>()
      .notNull(),
    provider: varchar("provider", { length: 255 }).notNull(),
    providerAccountId: varchar("providerAccountId", { length: 255 }).notNull(),
    refresh_token: varchar("refresh_token", { length: 255 }),
    access_token: varchar("access_token", { length: 255 }),
    expires_at: int("expires_at"),
    token_type: varchar("token_type", { length: 255 }),
    scope: varchar("scope", { length: 255 }),
    id_token: varchar("id_token", { length: 2048 }),
    session_state: varchar("session_state", { length: 255 }),
  },
  (account) => ({
    compoundKey: primaryKey({
      columns: [account.provider, account.providerAccountId],
    }),
  })
)

export const sessions = mysqlTable("session", {
  sessionToken: varchar("sessionToken", { length: 255 }).primaryKey(),
  userId: varchar("userId", { length: 255 })
    .notNull()
    .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
  expires: timestamp("expires", { mode: "date" }).notNull(),
})

export const verificationTokens = mysqlTable(
  "verificationToken",
  {
    identifier: varchar("identifier", { length: 255 }).notNull(),
    token: varchar("token", { length: 255 }).notNull(),
    expires: timestamp("expires", { mode: "date" }).notNull(),
  },
  (verificationToken) => ({
    compositePk: primaryKey({
      columns: [verificationToken.identifier, verificationToken.token],
    }),
  })
)

export const authenticators = mysqlTable(
  "authenticator",
  {
    credentialID: varchar("credentialID", { length: 255 }).notNull().unique(),
    userId: varchar("userId", { length: 255 })
      .notNull()
      .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    providerAccountId: varchar("providerAccountId", { length: 255 }).notNull(),
    credentialPublicKey: varchar("credentialPublicKey", {
      length: 255,
    }).notNull(),
    counter: int("counter").notNull(),
    credentialDeviceType: varchar("credentialDeviceType", {
      length: 255,
    }).notNull(),
    credentialBackedUp: boolean("credentialBackedUp").notNull(),
    transports: varchar("transports", { length: 255 }),
  },
  (authenticator) => ({
    compositePk: primaryKey({
      columns: [authenticator.userId, authenticator.credentialID],
    }),
  })
)
```

</Accordion>
<Accordion title="SQLite">
If you want to modify the schema or add additional fields, you can use the following schema as a starting point:

```ts filename="schema.ts"
import { integer, sqliteTable, text, primaryKey } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core"
import { createClient } from "@libsql/client"
import { drizzle } from "drizzle-orm/libsql"
import type { AdapterAccountType } from "next-auth/adapters"

const client = createClient({
  url: "DATABASE_URL",
  authToken: "DATABASE_AUTH_TOKEN",
})
export const db = drizzle(client)

export const users = sqliteTable("user", {
  id: text("id")
    .primaryKey()
    .$defaultFn(() => crypto.randomUUID()),
  name: text("name"),
  email: text("email").unique(),
  emailVerified: integer("emailVerified", { mode: "timestamp_ms" }),
  image: text("image"),
})

export const accounts = sqliteTable(
  "account",
  {
    userId: text("userId")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    type: text("type").$type<AdapterAccountType>().notNull(),
    provider: text("provider").notNull(),
    providerAccountId: text("providerAccountId").notNull(),
    refresh_token: text("refresh_token"),
    access_token: text("access_token"),
    expires_at: integer("expires_at"),
    token_type: text("token_type"),
    scope: text("scope"),
    id_token: text("id_token"),
    session_state: text("session_state"),
  },
  (account) => ({
    compoundKey: primaryKey({
      columns: [account.provider, account.providerAccountId],
    }),
  })
)

export const sessions = sqliteTable("session", {
  sessionToken: text("sessionToken").primaryKey(),
  userId: text("userId")
    .notNull()
    .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
  expires: integer("expires", { mode: "timestamp_ms" }).notNull(),
})

export const verificationTokens = sqliteTable(
  "verificationToken",
  {
    identifier: text("identifier").notNull(),
    token: text("token").notNull(),
    expires: integer("expires", { mode: "timestamp_ms" }).notNull(),
  },
  (verificationToken) => ({
    compositePk: primaryKey({
      columns: [verificationToken.identifier, verificationToken.token],
    }),
  })
)

export const authenticators = sqliteTable(
  "authenticator",
  {
    credentialID: text("credentialID").notNull().unique(),
    userId: text("userId")
      .notNull()
      .references(() => users.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
    providerAccountId: text("providerAccountId").notNull(),
    credentialPublicKey: text("credentialPublicKey").notNull(),
    counter: integer("counter").notNull(),
    credentialDeviceType: text("credentialDeviceType").notNull(),
    credentialBackedUp: integer("credentialBackedUp", {
      mode: "boolean",
    }).notNull(),
    transports: text("transports"),
  },
  (authenticator) => ({
    compositePK: primaryKey({
      columns: [authenticator.userId, authenticator.credentialID],
    }),
  })
)
```

</Accordion>
</Accordions>

### Adapter Setup

<Code>
<Code.Next>

```ts filename="./auth.ts"
import NextAuth from "next-auth"
import { DrizzleAdapter } from "@auth/drizzle-adapter"
import { db } from "./schema.ts"

export const { handlers, auth, signIn, signOut } = NextAuth({
  adapter: DrizzleAdapter(db),
  providers: [],
})
```

</Code.Next>
<Code.Qwik>

```ts filename="/src/routes/plugin@auth.ts"
import { QwikAuth$ } from "@auth/qwik"
import { DrizzleAdapter } from "@auth/drizzle-adapter"
import { db } from "./schema.ts"

export const { onRequest, useSession, useSignIn, useSignOut } = QwikAuth$(
  () => ({
    providers: [],
    adapter: DrizzleAdapter(db),
  })
)
```

</Code.Qwik>
<Code.Svelte>

```ts filename="./src/auth.ts"
import { SvelteKitAuth } from "@auth/sveltekit"
import { DrizzleAdapter } from "@auth/drizzle-adapter"
import { db } from "./schema.ts"

export const { handle, signIn, signOut } = SvelteKitAuth({
  adapter: DrizzleAdapter(db),
  providers: [],
})
```

</Code.Svelte>
<Code.Express>

```ts filename="./src/routes/auth.route.ts"
import { ExpressAuth } from "@auth/express"
import { DrizzleAdapter } from "@auth/drizzle-adapter"
import { db } from "./schema.ts"

const app = express()

app.set("trust proxy", true)
app.use(
  "/auth/*",
  ExpressAuth({
    providers: [],
    adapter: DrizzleAdapter(db),
  })
)
```

</Code.Express>
</Code>

#### Passing your own Schemas

If you want to use your own tables, you can pass them as a second argument to `DrizzleAdapter`.

- The `sessionsTable` is optional and only required if you're using the database session strategy.
- The `verificationTokensTable` is optional and only required if you're using a Magic Link provider.

```ts filename="auth.ts"
import NextAuth from "next-auth"
import Google from "next-auth/providers/google"
import { DrizzleAdapter } from "@auth/drizzle-adapter"
import { db, accounts, sessions, users, verificationTokens } from "./schema"

export const { handlers, auth } = NextAuth({
  adapter: DrizzleAdapter(db, {
    usersTable: users,
    accountsTable: accounts,
    sessionsTable: sessions,
    verificationTokensTable: verificationTokens,
  }),
  providers: [Google],
})
```

### Migrating your database

With your schema now described in your code, you'll need to migrate your database to your schema. An example `migrate.ts` file looks like this. For more information, check out Drizzle's migration [quick start guide](https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/migrations).

```ts filename="migrate.ts"
import "dotenv/config"
import { migrate } from "drizzle-orm/mysql2/migrator"
import { db, connection } from "./db"

// This will run migrations on the database, skipping the ones already applied
await migrate(db, { migrationsFolder: "./drizzle" })

// Don't forget to close the connection, otherwise the script will hang
await connection.end()
```

Full documentation on how to manage migrations with Drizzle can be found at the Drizzle Kit [Migrations page](https://orm.drizzle.team/kit-docs/overview#running-migrations).
