---
description: 'Disallow certain types.'
---

> 🛑 This file is source code, not the primary documentation location! 🛑
>
> See **https://typescript-eslint.io/rules/ban-types** for documentation.

Some built-in types have aliases, while some types are considered dangerous or harmful.
It's often a good idea to ban certain types to help with consistency and safety.

This rule bans specific types and can suggest alternatives.
Note that it does not ban the corresponding runtime objects from being used.

## Examples

Examples of code with the default options:

<!--tabs-->

### ❌ Incorrect

```ts
// use lower-case primitives for consistency
const str: String = 'foo';
const bool: Boolean = true;
const num: Number = 1;
const symb: Symbol = Symbol('foo');
const bigInt: BigInt = 1n;

// use a proper function type
const func: Function = () => 1;

// use safer object types
const lowerObj: Object = {};
const capitalObj: Object = { a: 'string' };

const curly1: {} = 1;
const curly2: {} = { a: 'string' };
```

### ✅ Correct

```ts
// use lower-case primitives for consistency
const str: string = 'foo';
const bool: boolean = true;
const num: number = 1;
const symb: symbol = Symbol('foo');
const bigInt: bigint = 1n;

// use a proper function type
const func: () => number = () => 1;

// use safer object types
const lowerObj: object = {};
const capitalObj: { a: string } = { a: 'string' };

const curly1: number = 1;
const curly2: Record<'a', string> = { a: 'string' };
```

## Options

The default options provide a set of "best practices", intended to provide safety and standardization in your codebase:

- Don't use the upper-case primitive types, you should use the lower-case types for consistency.
- Avoid the `Function` type, as it provides little safety for the following reasons:
  - It provides no type safety when calling the value, which means it's easy to provide the wrong arguments.
  - It accepts class declarations, which will fail when called, as they are called without the `new` keyword.
- Avoid the `Object` and `{}` types, as they mean "any non-nullish value".
  - This is a point of confusion for many developers, who think it means "any object type".
  - See [this comment for more information](https://github.com/typescript-eslint/typescript-eslint/issues/2063#issuecomment-675156492).

:::important

The default options suggest using `Record<string, unknown>`; this was a stylistic decision, as the built-in `Record` type is considered to look cleaner.

:::

<details>
<summary>Default Options</summary>

```ts
const defaultTypes = {
  String: {
    message: 'Use string instead',
    fixWith: 'string',
  },
  Boolean: {
    message: 'Use boolean instead',
    fixWith: 'boolean',
  },
  Number: {
    message: 'Use number instead',
    fixWith: 'number',
  },
  Symbol: {
    message: 'Use symbol instead',
    fixWith: 'symbol',
  },
  BigInt: {
    message: 'Use bigint instead',
    fixWith: 'bigint',
  },
  Function: {
    message: [
      'The `Function` type accepts any function-like value.',
      'It provides no type safety when calling the function, which can be a common source of bugs.',
      'It also accepts things like class declarations, which will throw at runtime as they will not be called with `new`.',
      'If you are expecting the function to accept certain arguments, you should explicitly define the function shape.',
    ].join('\n'),
  },
  // object typing
  Object: {
    message: [
      'The `Object` type actually means "any non-nullish value", so it is marginally better than `unknown`.',
      '- If you want a type meaning "any object", you probably want `Record<string, unknown>` instead.',
      '- If you want a type meaning "any value", you probably want `unknown` instead.',
    ].join('\n'),
  },
  '{}': {
    message: [
      '`{}` actually means "any non-nullish value".',
      '- If you want a type meaning "any object", you probably want `Record<string, unknown>` instead.',
      '- If you want a type meaning "any value", you probably want `unknown` instead.',
    ].join('\n'),
  },
};
```

</details>

### `types`

An object whose keys are the types you want to ban, and the values are error messages.

The type can either be a type name literal (`Foo`), a type name with generic parameter instantiation(s) (`Foo<Bar>`), the empty object literal (`{}`), or the empty tuple type (`[]`).

The values can be:

- A string, which is the error message to be reported; or
- `false` to specifically un-ban this type (useful when you are using `extendDefaults`); or
- An object with the following properties:
  - `message: string` - the message to display when the type is matched.
  - `fixWith?: string` - a string to replace the banned type with when the fixer is run. If this is omitted, no fix will be done.

### `extendDefaults`

If you're specifying custom `types`, you can set this to `true` to extend the default `types` configuration. This is a convenience option to save you copying across the defaults when adding another type.

If this is `false`, the rule will _only_ use the types defined in your configuration.

Example configuration:

```jsonc
{
  "@typescript-eslint/ban-types": [
    "error",
    {
      "types": {
        // add a custom message to help explain why not to use it
        "Foo": "Don't use Foo because it is unsafe",

        // add a custom message, AND tell the plugin how to fix it
        "OldAPI": {
          "message": "Use NewAPI instead",
          "fixWith": "NewAPI"
        },

        // un-ban a type that's banned by default
        "{}": false
      },
      "extendDefaults": true
    }
  ]
}
```
