@mixin transform($val: null) {
    -webkit-transform: $val;
    -moz-transform: $val;
    -ms-transform: $val;
    -o-transform: $val;
    transform: $val;
}

@mixin rotate($val: null) {
    @if ($val != null) {
        -webkit-transform: rotate($val);
        -moz-transform: rotate($val);
        -ms-transform: rotate($val);
        -o-transform: rotate($val);
        transform: rotate($val);
    }
}

@mixin scale($val: null) {
    @if ($val != null) {
        -webkit-transform: scale($val); /* Chrome, Opera 15+, Safari 3.1+  */
        -ms-transform: scale($val);
        transform: scale($val);
    }
}
