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# createRoute()

The `createRoute()` function creates type-safe routes with Zod validation. When an `openapiPath` is configured on the server adapter, it generates OpenAPI schema entries from the supplied Zod schemas.

## Import

```typescript
import { createRoute } from '@mastra/server/server-adapter'
```

## Signature

```typescript
function createRoute<TPath, TQuery, TBody, TResponse, TResponseType>(
  config: RouteConfig<TPath, TQuery, TBody, TResponse, TResponseType>,
): ServerRoute
```

## Parameters

**method** (`'GET' | 'POST' | 'PUT' | 'DELETE' | 'PATCH' | 'ALL'`): HTTP method

**path** (`string`): Route path with optional params (e.g., \`/api/items/:id\`)

**responseType** (`'json' | 'stream'`): Response format. Internal routes may use additional types (\`datastream-response\`, \`mcp-http\`, \`mcp-sse\`).

**handler** (`ServerRouteHandler`): Route handler function

**pathParamSchema** (`ZodSchema`): Validates URL path parameters

**queryParamSchema** (`ZodSchema`): Validates query string parameters

**bodySchema** (`ZodSchema`): Validates request body

**responseSchema** (`ZodSchema`): Documents response shape for OpenAPI

**streamFormat** (`'sse' | 'stream'`): Stream format (when responseType is 'stream')

**maxBodySize** (`number`): Override default body size limit in bytes

**summary** (`string`): OpenAPI summary

**description** (`string`): OpenAPI description

**tags** (`string[]`): OpenAPI tags

**deprecated** (`boolean`): Mark route as deprecated

**onValidationError** (`(error: ZodError, context: 'query' | 'body' | 'path') => { status: number; body: unknown } | undefined`): Custom validation error handler for this route. Overrides the server-level \`onValidationError\` hook. Return \`{ status, body }\` to customize the response, or \`undefined\` to use the default.

## Handler parameters

The handler receives validated parameters plus runtime context:

```typescript
handler: async params => {
  // From schemas (typed from Zod)
  params.id // From pathParamSchema
  params.filter // From queryParamSchema
  params.name // From bodySchema

  // Runtime context (always available)
  params.mastra // Mastra instance
  params.requestContext // Request-scoped context
  params.tools // Available tools
  params.abortSignal // Request cancellation signal
  params.taskStore // A2A task storage
}
```

## Return value

Returns a `ServerRoute` object that can be registered with an adapter.

## Examples

### GET route with path params

```typescript
import { createRoute } from '@mastra/server/server-adapter'
import { z } from 'zod'

const getAgent = createRoute({
  method: 'GET',
  path: '/api/agents/:agentId',
  responseType: 'json',
  pathParamSchema: z.object({
    agentId: z.string(),
  }),
  responseSchema: z.object({
    name: z.string(),
    description: z.string().optional(),
  }),
  summary: 'Get agent by ID',
  tags: ['Agents'],
  handler: async ({ agentId, mastra }) => {
    return mastra.getAgent(agentId)
  },
})
```

### POST route with body

```typescript
const createItem = createRoute({
  method: 'POST',
  path: '/api/items',
  responseType: 'json',
  bodySchema: z.object({
    name: z.string(),
    value: z.number(),
  }),
  responseSchema: z.object({
    id: z.string(),
    name: z.string(),
    value: z.number(),
  }),
  handler: async ({ name, value, mastra }) => {
    // name and value are typed from bodySchema
    return { id: 'new-id', name, value }
  },
})
```

### Query params with coercion

```typescript
const listItems = createRoute({
  method: 'GET',
  path: '/api/items',
  responseType: 'json',
  queryParamSchema: z.object({
    page: z.coerce.number().default(0),
    limit: z.coerce.number().default(50),
    enabled: z.coerce.boolean().optional(),
  }),
  handler: async ({ page, limit, enabled, mastra }) => {
    // page, limit, enabled are typed and coerced
    return { items: [], page, limit }
  },
})
```

### Streaming route

```typescript
const streamAgent = createRoute({
  method: 'POST',
  path: '/api/agents/:agentId/stream',
  responseType: 'stream',
  streamFormat: 'sse',
  pathParamSchema: z.object({
    agentId: z.string(),
  }),
  bodySchema: z.object({
    messages: z.array(z.any()),
  }),
  handler: async ({ agentId, messages, mastra, abortSignal }) => {
    const agent = mastra.getAgent(agentId)
    return agent.stream(messages, { abortSignal })
  },
})
```

### Custom body size limit

```typescript
const uploadRoute = createRoute({
  method: 'POST',
  path: '/api/upload',
  responseType: 'json',
  maxBodySize: 50 * 1024 * 1024, // 50MB
  bodySchema: z.object({
    file: z.string(),
  }),
  handler: async ({ file }) => {
    return { uploaded: true }
  },
})
```

## Schema patterns

### Passthrough for extensibility

```typescript
const bodySchema = z
  .object({
    required: z.string(),
  })
  .passthrough() // Allow unknown fields
```

### Date coercion

```typescript
const querySchema = z.object({
  fromDate: z.coerce.date().optional(),
  toDate: z.coerce.date().optional(),
})
```

### Union types

```typescript
const bodySchema = z.object({
  messages: z.union([z.array(z.any()), z.string()]),
})
```

## Error handling

Throw an error with a `status` property to return specific HTTP status codes from handlers. If using Hono, you can use `HTTPException` from `hono/http-exception`:

```typescript
import { createRoute } from '@mastra/server/server-adapter'
import { HTTPException } from 'hono/http-exception'

const getAgent = createRoute({
  method: 'GET',
  path: '/api/agents/:agentId',
  responseType: 'json',
  pathParamSchema: z.object({ agentId: z.string() }),
  handler: async ({ agentId, mastra }) => {
    const agent = mastra.getAgent(agentId)
    if (!agent) {
      throw new HTTPException(404, { message: `Agent '${agentId}' not found` })
    }
    return agent
  },
})
```

For Express or framework-agnostic code, throw an error with a `status` property:

```typescript
class HttpError extends Error {
  constructor(
    public status: number,
    message: string,
  ) {
    super(message)
  }
}

// In handler:
throw new HttpError(404, `Agent '${agentId}' not found`)
```

Common status codes:

| Code | Meaning               |
| ---- | --------------------- |
| 400  | Bad Request           |
| 401  | Unauthorized          |
| 403  | Forbidden             |
| 404  | Not Found             |
| 500  | Internal Server Error |

## Related

- [Server Routes](https://mastra.ai/reference/server/routes): Default Mastra routes
- [MastraServer](https://mastra.ai/reference/server/mastra-server): Server adapter class
- [Server Adapters](https://mastra.ai/docs/server/server-adapters): Using adapters