# src/message.js

    // @flow

    import bs58 from 'bs58';
    import {Buffer} from 'buffer';
    import * as BufferLayout from 'buffer-layout';

    import {PublicKey} from './publickey';
    import type {Blockhash} from './blockhash';
    import * as Layout from './layout';
    import {PACKET_DATA_SIZE} from './transaction';
    import * as shortvec from './util/shortvec-encoding';

    /**
     * The message header, identifying signed and read-only account
     *
     * @typedef {Object} MessageHeader
     * @property {number} numRequiredSignatures The number of signatures required for this message to be considered valid. The
     * signatures must match the first `numRequiredSignatures` of `accountKeys`.
     * @property {number} numReadonlySignedAccounts: The last `numReadonlySignedAccounts` of the signed keys are read-only accounts
     * @property {number} numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts The last `numReadonlySignedAccounts` of the unsigned keys are read-only accounts
     */
    export type MessageHeader = {
      numRequiredSignatures: number,
      numReadonlySignedAccounts: number,
      numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts: number,
    };

    /**
     * An instruction to execute by a program
     *
     * @typedef {Object} CompiledInstruction
     * @property {number} programIdIndex Index into the transaction keys array indicating the program account that executes this instruction
     * @property {number[]} accounts Ordered indices into the transaction keys array indicating which accounts to pass to the program
     * @property {string} data The program input data encoded as base 58
     */
    export type CompiledInstruction = {
      programIdIndex: number,
      accounts: number[],
      data: string,
    };

    /**
     * Message constructor arguments
     *
     * @typedef {Object} MessageArgs
     * @property {MessageHeader} header The message header, identifying signed and read-only `accountKeys`
     * @property {string[]} accounts All the account keys used by this transaction
     * @property {Blockhash} recentBlockhash The hash of a recent ledger block
     * @property {CompiledInstruction[]} instructions Instructions that will be executed in sequence and committed in one atomic transaction if all succeed.
     */
    type MessageArgs = {
      header: MessageHeader,
      accountKeys: string[],
      recentBlockhash: Blockhash,
      instructions: CompiledInstruction[],
    };

    const PUBKEY_LENGTH = 32;

    /**
     * List of instructions to be processed atomically
     */
    export class Message {
      header: MessageHeader;
      accountKeys: PublicKey[];
      recentBlockhash: Blockhash;
      instructions: CompiledInstruction[];

      constructor(args: MessageArgs) {
        this.header = args.header;
        this.accountKeys = args.accountKeys.map(account => new PublicKey(account));
        this.recentBlockhash = args.recentBlockhash;
        this.instructions = args.instructions;
      }

      isAccountWritable(index: number): boolean {
        return (
          index <
            this.header.numRequiredSignatures -
              this.header.numReadonlySignedAccounts ||
          (index >= this.header.numRequiredSignatures &&
            index <
              this.accountKeys.length - this.header.numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts)
        );
      }

      serialize(): Buffer {
        const numKeys = this.accountKeys.length;

        let keyCount = [];
        shortvec.encodeLength(keyCount, numKeys);

        const instructions = this.instructions.map(instruction => {
          const {accounts, programIdIndex} = instruction;
          const data = bs58.decode(instruction.data);

          let keyIndicesCount = [];
          shortvec.encodeLength(keyIndicesCount, accounts.length);

          let dataCount = [];
          shortvec.encodeLength(dataCount, data.length);

          return {
            programIdIndex,
            keyIndicesCount: Buffer.from(keyIndicesCount),
            keyIndices: Buffer.from(accounts),
            dataLength: Buffer.from(dataCount),
            data,
          };
        });

        let instructionCount = [];
        shortvec.encodeLength(instructionCount, instructions.length);
        let instructionBuffer = Buffer.alloc(PACKET_DATA_SIZE);
        Buffer.from(instructionCount).copy(instructionBuffer);
        let instructionBufferLength = instructionCount.length;

        instructions.forEach(instruction => {
          const instructionLayout = BufferLayout.struct([
            BufferLayout.u8('programIdIndex'),

            BufferLayout.blob(
              instruction.keyIndicesCount.length,
              'keyIndicesCount',
            ),
            BufferLayout.seq(
              BufferLayout.u8('keyIndex'),
              instruction.keyIndices.length,
              'keyIndices',
            ),
            BufferLayout.blob(instruction.dataLength.length, 'dataLength'),
            BufferLayout.seq(
              BufferLayout.u8('userdatum'),
              instruction.data.length,
              'data',
            ),
          ]);
          const length = instructionLayout.encode(
            instruction,
            instructionBuffer,
            instructionBufferLength,
          );
          instructionBufferLength += length;
        });
        instructionBuffer = instructionBuffer.slice(0, instructionBufferLength);

        const signDataLayout = BufferLayout.struct([
          BufferLayout.blob(1, 'numRequiredSignatures'),
          BufferLayout.blob(1, 'numReadonlySignedAccounts'),
          BufferLayout.blob(1, 'numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts'),
          BufferLayout.blob(keyCount.length, 'keyCount'),
          BufferLayout.seq(Layout.publicKey('key'), numKeys, 'keys'),
          Layout.publicKey('recentBlockhash'),
        ]);

        const transaction = {
          numRequiredSignatures: Buffer.from([this.header.numRequiredSignatures]),
          numReadonlySignedAccounts: Buffer.from([
            this.header.numReadonlySignedAccounts,
          ]),
          numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts: Buffer.from([
            this.header.numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts,
          ]),
          keyCount: Buffer.from(keyCount),
          keys: this.accountKeys.map(key => key.toBuffer()),
          recentBlockhash: bs58.decode(this.recentBlockhash),
        };

        let signData = Buffer.alloc(2048);
        const length = signDataLayout.encode(transaction, signData);
        instructionBuffer.copy(signData, length);
        return signData.slice(0, length + instructionBuffer.length);
      }

      /**
       * Decode a compiled message into a Message object.
       */
      static from(buffer: Buffer | Uint8Array | Array<number>): Message {
        // Slice up wire data
        let byteArray = [...buffer];

        const numRequiredSignatures = byteArray.shift();
        const numReadonlySignedAccounts = byteArray.shift();
        const numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts = byteArray.shift();

        const accountCount = shortvec.decodeLength(byteArray);
        let accountKeys = [];
        for (let i = 0; i < accountCount; i++) {
          const account = byteArray.slice(0, PUBKEY_LENGTH);
          byteArray = byteArray.slice(PUBKEY_LENGTH);
          accountKeys.push(bs58.encode(Buffer.from(account)));
        }

        const recentBlockhash = byteArray.slice(0, PUBKEY_LENGTH);
        byteArray = byteArray.slice(PUBKEY_LENGTH);

        const instructionCount = shortvec.decodeLength(byteArray);
        let instructions = [];
        for (let i = 0; i < instructionCount; i++) {
          let instruction = {};
          instruction.programIdIndex = byteArray.shift();
          const accountCount = shortvec.decodeLength(byteArray);
          instruction.accounts = byteArray.slice(0, accountCount);
          byteArray = byteArray.slice(accountCount);
          const dataLength = shortvec.decodeLength(byteArray);
          const data = byteArray.slice(0, dataLength);
          instruction.data = bs58.encode(Buffer.from(data));
          byteArray = byteArray.slice(dataLength);
          instructions.push(instruction);
        }

        const messageArgs = {
          header: {
            numRequiredSignatures,
            numReadonlySignedAccounts,
            numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts,
          },
          recentBlockhash: bs58.encode(Buffer.from(recentBlockhash)),
          accountKeys,
          instructions,
        };

        return new Message(messageArgs);
      }
    }