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# gammincinv

> Inverse of [incomplete gamma function][incomplete-gamma-function].

<section class="intro">

Computes the inverse of the lower [incomplete gamma function][incomplete-gamma-function]

<!-- <equation class="equation" label="eq:lower_incomplete_gamma" align="center" raw="P( x, a ) = \frac{\gamma(a,x)}{\Gamma(a)} = \frac{1}{\Gamma(a)} \int_0^x t^{a-1} e^{-t} \; dt" alt="Regularized lower incomplete gamma function."> -->

<div class="equation" align="center" data-raw-text="P( x, a ) = \frac{\gamma(a,x)}{\Gamma(a)} = \frac{1}{\Gamma(a)} \int_0^x t^{a-1} e^{-t} \; dt" data-equation="eq:lower_incomplete_gamma">
    <img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/7e0a95722efd9c771b129597380c63dc6715508b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/math/base/special/gammaincinv/docs/img/equation_lower_incomplete_gamma.svg" alt="Regularized lower incomplete gamma function.">
    <br>
</div>

<!-- </equation> -->

Specifically, for given `p` and `a` it finds the `x` such that `p =  P(x, a)`.

The function can also be used to invert the upper incomplete gamma function, which is defined as follows:  

<!-- <equation class="equation" label="eq:upper_incomplete_gamma" align="center" raw="Q( x, a ) = \frac{\Gamma(a,x)}{\Gamma(a)} = \frac{1}{\Gamma(a)} \int_x^\infty t^{a-1} e^{-t} \; dt" alt="Regularized upper incomplete gamma function."> -->

<div class="equation" align="center" data-raw-text="Q( x, a ) = \frac{\Gamma(a,x)}{\Gamma(a)} = \frac{1}{\Gamma(a)} \int_x^\infty t^{a-1} e^{-t} \; dt" data-equation="eq:upper_incomplete_gamma">
    <img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/7e0a95722efd9c771b129597380c63dc6715508b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/math/base/special/gammaincinv/docs/img/equation_upper_incomplete_gamma.svg" alt="Regularized upper incomplete gamma function.">
    <br>
</div>

<!-- </equation> -->

Again, for given `p` and `a` the function returns the `x` which satisfies `p = Q(x, a)`.

</section>

<!-- /.intro -->

<section class="usage">

## Usage

```javascript
var gammaincinv = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/gammaincinv' );
```

#### gammaincinv( p, s\[, upper ] )

Inverts the regularized incomplete gamma function. Contrary to the more commonly used definition, in this implementation the first argument is the probability `p` and the second argument is the scale factor `a`. By default, the function inverts the _lower_ regularized incomplete gamma function, `P(x,a)`. To invert the _upper_ function instead, i.e. `Q(x,a)`, set the `upper` argument to `true`.

```javascript
var y = gammaincinv( 0.5, 2.0 );
// returns ~1.678

y = gammaincinv( 0.1, 10.0 );
// returns ~6.221

y = gammaincinv( 0.75, 3.0 );
// returns ~3.92

y = gammaincinv( 0.75, 3.0, true );
// returns ~1.727
```

If provided `NaN` as any argument, the function returns `NaN`.

```javascript
var y = gammaincinv( NaN, 1.0 );
// returns NaN

y = gammaincinv( 0.5, NaN );
// returns NaN
```

If provided a value outside `[0,1]` for `p`, the function returns `NaN`.

```javascript
var y = gammaincinv( 1.2, 1.0 );
// returns NaN

y = gammaincinv( -0.5, 1.0 );
// returns NaN
```

</section>

<!-- /.usage -->

<section class="examples">

## Examples

<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->

```javascript
var randu = require( '@stdlib/random/base/randu' );
var gammaincinv = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/gammaincinv' );

var a;
var i;
var p;

for ( i = 0; i < 100; i++ ) {
    p = randu();
    a = randu() * 50.0;
    console.log( 'p: %d, \t a: %d, \t P^(-1)(p, a): %d', p.toFixed( 4 ), a.toFixed( 4 ), gammaincinv( p, a ).toFixed( 4 ) );
}
```

</section>

<!-- /.examples -->

<section class="links">

[incomplete-gamma-function]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incomplete_gamma_function

</section>

<!-- /.links -->
