/**
 * Performs a polar decomposition of a 2x2 matrix.
 * This function decomposes a 2x2 matrix `m` into two matrices, `R` and `S`,
 * such that m = S * R, where:
 *  - R is a 2x2 orthogonal matrix (representing a rotation).
 *  - S is a 2x2 symmetric positive semi-definite matrix.
 * The input matrix `m` and output matrices `R` and `S` are stored in a flattened,
 * transposed format (consistent with the Taichi programming language convention).
 *
 * @param {number[]} R Output: 2x2 orthogonal matrix (rotation), stored as a flattened
 *  array [c, s, -s, c], where 'c' is the cosine and 's' is the sine of the rotation
 *  angle. Modified in-place.
 * @param {number[]} S Output: 2x2 symmetric positive semi-definite matrix,
 *  stored as a flattened array. Modified in-place.
 * @param {number[]} m Input: 2x2 matrix, stored as a flattened, *transposed* array [a, b, c, d],
 * representing the matrix [[a, c], [b, d]]. Will be read from, but NOT modified.
 */
export function m2_polar_decomp(R: number[], S: number[], m: number[]): void;
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