---
title: Batch DOM CSS Changes
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: reduces reflows/repaints
tags: javascript, dom, css, performance, reflow
---

## Batch DOM CSS Changes

Avoid interleaving style writes with layout reads. When you read a layout property (like `offsetWidth`, `getBoundingClientRect()`, or `getComputedStyle()`) between style changes, the browser is forced to trigger a synchronous reflow.

**Incorrect (interleaved reads and writes force reflows):**

```typescript
function updateElementStyles(element: HTMLElement) {
  element.style.width = "100px";
  const width = element.offsetWidth; // Forces reflow
  element.style.height = "200px";
  const height = element.offsetHeight; // Forces another reflow
}
```

**Correct (batch writes, then read once):**

```typescript
function updateElementStyles(element: HTMLElement) {
  // Batch all writes together
  element.style.width = "100px";
  element.style.height = "200px";
  element.style.backgroundColor = "blue";
  element.style.border = "1px solid black";

  // Read after all writes are done (single reflow)
  const { width, height } = element.getBoundingClientRect();
}
```

**Better: use CSS classes**

```css
.highlighted-box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 200px;
  background-color: blue;
  border: 1px solid black;
}
```

```typescript
function updateElementStyles(element: HTMLElement) {
  element.classList.add("highlighted-box");

  const { width, height } = element.getBoundingClientRect();
}
```

Prefer CSS classes over inline styles when possible. CSS files are cached by the browser, and classes provide better separation of concerns and are easier to maintain.
