# PRISMA 2020 Checklist Template

<!--
Usage: Complete this checklist to ensure PRISMA 2020 compliance.
Reference: Page MJ, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement. BMJ 2021;372:n71.
Save to: RESEARCH/[topic]/prisma_checklist.md
-->

# PRISMA 2020 Checklist

## Review: [Your Review Title]

## Date Completed: [Date]

---

## Title

| Item | Checklist Item | Location | Completed |
|------|----------------|----------|-----------|
| 1 | Identify the report as a systematic review | Title | [ ] |

## Abstract

| Item | Checklist Item | Location | Completed |
|------|----------------|----------|-----------|
| 2 | See the PRISMA 2020 for Abstracts checklist | Abstract | [ ] |

## Introduction

| Item | Checklist Item | Location | Completed |
|------|----------------|----------|-----------|
| 3 | Describe the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge | Introduction | [ ] |
| 4 | Provide an explicit statement of the objective(s) or question(s) the review addresses | Introduction | [ ] |

## Methods

| Item | Checklist Item | Location | Completed |
|------|----------------|----------|-----------|
| 5 | Specify the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the review and how studies were grouped for the syntheses | Methods | [ ] |
| 6 | Specify all databases, registers, websites, organisations, reference lists and other sources searched or consulted to identify studies | Methods | [ ] |
| 7 | Present the full search strategies for all databases, registers and websites, including any filters and limits used | Appendix/search_strategy.md | [ ] |
| 8 | Specify the methods used to decide whether a study met the inclusion criteria of the review, including how many reviewers screened each record and each report retrieved, whether they worked independently, and if applicable, details of automation tools used | Methods | [ ] |
| 9 | Specify the methods used to collect data from reports, including how many reviewers collected data from each report, whether they worked independently, any processes for obtaining or confirming data from study investigators, and if applicable, details of automation tools used | Methods | [ ] |
| 10a | List and define all outcomes for which data were sought | Methods | [ ] |
| 10b | List and define all other variables for which data were sought | Methods | [ ] |
| 11 | Specify the methods used to assess risk of bias in the included studies, including details of the tool(s) used, how many reviewers assessed each study and whether they worked independently, and if applicable, details of automation tools used | Methods | [ ] |
| 12 | Specify for each outcome the effect measure(s) used in the synthesis or presentation of results | Methods | [ ] |
| 13a | Describe the processes used to decide which studies were eligible for each synthesis | Methods | [ ] |
| 13b | Describe any methods required to prepare the data for presentation or synthesis | Methods | [ ] |
| 13c | Describe any methods used to tabulate or visually display results of individual studies and syntheses | Methods | [ ] |
| 13d | Describe any methods used to synthesize results and provide a rationale for the choice(s) | Methods | [ ] |
| 13e | Describe any methods used to explore possible causes of heterogeneity among study results | Methods | [ ] |
| 13f | Describe any sensitivity analyses conducted to assess robustness of the synthesized results | Methods | [ ] |
| 14 | Describe any methods used to assess risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis | Methods | [ ] |
| 15 | Describe any methods used to assess certainty (or confidence) in the body of evidence for an outcome | Methods | [ ] |

## Results

| Item | Checklist Item | Location | Completed |
|------|----------------|----------|-----------|
| 16a | Describe the results of the search and selection process, from the number of records identified in the search to the number of studies included in the review, ideally using a flow diagram | Results/prisma_flow.md | [ ] |
| 16b | Cite studies that might appear to meet the inclusion criteria, but which were excluded, and explain why they were excluded | Results | [ ] |
| 17 | Cite each included study and present its characteristics | Results/extraction_table.md | [ ] |
| 18 | Present assessments of risk of bias for each included study | Results/quality_table.md | [ ] |
| 19 | For all outcomes, present, for each study: summary data, effect estimates and confidence intervals | Results | [ ] |
| 20a | For each synthesis, briefly summarise the characteristics and risk of bias among contributing studies | Results | [ ] |
| 20b | Present results of all statistical syntheses conducted | Results | [ ] |
| 20c | Present results of all investigations of possible causes of heterogeneity among study results | Results | [ ] |
| 20d | Present results of all sensitivity analyses conducted | Results | [ ] |
| 21 | Present assessments of risk of bias due to missing results for each synthesis assessed | Results | [ ] |
| 22 | Present assessments of certainty (or confidence) in the body of evidence for each outcome assessed | Results/grade_sof.md | [ ] |

## Discussion

| Item | Checklist Item | Location | Completed |
|------|----------------|----------|-----------|
| 23a | Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence | Discussion | [ ] |
| 23b | Discuss any limitations of the evidence included in the review | Discussion | [ ] |
| 23c | Discuss any limitations of the review processes used | Discussion | [ ] |
| 23d | Discuss implications of the results for practice, policy, and future research | Discussion | [ ] |

## Other Information

| Item | Checklist Item | Location | Completed |
|------|----------------|----------|-----------|
| 24a | Provide registration information for the review, including register name and registration number, or state that the review was not registered | Methods/protocol.md | [ ] |
| 24b | Indicate where the review protocol can be accessed, or state that a protocol was not prepared | Methods/protocol.md | [ ] |
| 24c | Describe and explain any amendments to information provided at registration or in the protocol | Methods/protocol.md | [ ] |
| 25 | Describe sources of financial or non-financial support for the review, and the role of the funders or sponsors | Funding | [ ] |
| 26 | Declare any competing interests of review authors | COI | [ ] |
| 27 | Report which of the following are publicly available and where they can be found: template data collection forms; data extracted from included studies; data used for all analyses; analytic code; any other materials used in the review | Data Availability | [ ] |

---

## Completion Summary

| Section | Items Completed | Total Items |
|---------|-----------------|-------------|
| Title | /1 | 1 |
| Abstract | /1 | 1 |
| Introduction | /2 | 2 |
| Methods | /17 | 17 |
| Results | /11 | 11 |
| Discussion | /4 | 4 |
| Other Information | /4 | 4 |
| **Total** | **/40** | **40** |

---

## Issues Identified

| Item # | Issue | Resolution Required |
|--------|-------|---------------------|
| | | |

---

*Checklist completed: [Date]*
*Completed by: [Name]*

*Reference: Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71*
