<!--
title: Serverless Framework - AWS Lambda Guide - Plugins
menuText: Plugins
menuOrder: 14
description: How to install and create Plugins to extend or overwrite the functionality of the Serverless Framework
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-->

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### [Read this on the main serverless docs site](https://www.serverless.com/framework/docs/providers/aws/guide/plugins)

<!-- DOCS-SITE-LINK:END -->

# Plugins

A Plugin is custom Javascript code that creates new or extends existing commands within the Serverless Framework. The Serverless Framework is merely a group of Plugins that are provided in the core. If you or your organization have a specific workflow, install a pre-written Plugin or write a plugin to customize the Framework to your needs. External Plugins are written exactly the same way as the core Plugins.

- [How to create serverless plugins - Part 1](https://serverless.com/blog/writing-serverless-plugins/)
- [How to create serverless plugins - Part 2](https://serverless.com/blog/writing-serverless-plugins-2/)

## Installing Plugins

External Plugins are added on a per service basis and are not applied globally. Make sure you are in your Service's root directory, then install the corresponding Plugin with the help of NPM:

```
npm install --save custom-serverless-plugin
```

We need to tell Serverless that we want to use the plugin inside our service. We do this by adding the name of the Plugin to the `plugins` section in the `serverless.yml` file.

```yml
# serverless.yml file

plugins:
  - custom-serverless-plugin
```

The `plugins` section supports two formats:

Array object:

```yml
plugins:
  - plugin1
  - plugin2
```

Enhanced plugins object:

```yml
plugins:
  localPath: './custom_serverless_plugins'
  modules:
    - plugin1
    - plugin2
```

Plugins might want to add extra information which should be accessible to Serverless. The `custom` section in the `serverless.yml` file is the place where you can add necessary configurations for your plugins (the plugins author / documentation will tell you if you need to add anything there):

```yml
plugins:
  - custom-serverless-plugin

custom:
  customkey: customvalue
```

## Service local plugin

If you are working on a plugin or have a plugin that is just designed for one project, it can be loaded from the local `.serverless_plugins` folder at the root of your service. Local plugins can be added in the `plugins` array in `serverless.yml`.

```yml
plugins:
  - custom-serverless-plugin
```

Local plugins folder can be changed by enhancing `plugins` object:

```yml
plugins:
  localPath: './custom_serverless_plugins'
  modules:
    - custom-serverless-plugin
```

The `custom-serverless-plugin` will be loaded from the `custom_serverless_plugins` directory at the root of your service. If the `localPath` is not provided or empty, the `.serverless_plugins` directory will be used.

The plugin will be loaded based on being named `custom-serverless-plugin.js` or `custom-serverless-plugin\index.js` in the root of `localPath` folder (`.serverless_plugins` by default).

If you want to load a plugin from a specific directory without affecting other plugins, you can also specify a path relative to the root of your service:

```yaml
plugins:
  # This plugin will be loaded from the `.serverless_plugins/` or `node_modules/` directories
  - custom-serverless-plugin
  # This plugin will be loaded from the `sub/directory/` directory
  - ./sub/directory/another-custom-plugin
```

### Load Order

Keep in mind that the order you define your plugins matters. When Serverless loads all the core plugins and then the custom plugins in the order you've defined them.

```yml
# serverless.yml

plugins:
  - plugin1
  - plugin2
```

In this case `plugin1` is loaded before `plugin2`.

## Writing Plugins

**Note:** In order to ensure that your plugin works correctly with Framework in `v2.x`, keep the following things in mind:

- Do not depend on `Bluebird` API for Promises returned by Framework internals - we are actively migrating away from `Bluebird` at this point
- If your plugin adds new properties, ensure to define corresponding schema definitions, please refer to: [Extending validation schema](#extending-validation-schema)
- Avoid using `subcommands` as the support for them might become deprecated or removed in next major version of the Framework
- Add `serverless` to `peerDependencies` in order to ensure officially supported Framework version(s)

### Concepts

#### Plugin

Code which defines _Commands_, any _Events_ within a _Command_, and any _Hooks_ assigned to a _Lifecycle Event_.

- Command // CLI configuration, commands, options
  - LifecycleEvent(s) // Events that happen sequentially when the command is run
    - Hook(s) // Code that runs when a Lifecycle Event happens during a Command

#### Command

A CLI _Command_ that can be called by a user, e.g. `serverless deploy`. A Command has no logic, but simply defines the CLI configuration (e.g. command, parameters) and the _Lifecycle Events_ for the command. Every command defines its own lifecycle events.

```javascript
'use strict';

class MyPlugin {
  constructor() {
    this.commands = {
      deploy: {
        lifecycleEvents: ['resources', 'functions'],
      },
    };
  }
}

module.exports = MyPlugin;
```

#### Lifecycle Events

Events that fire sequentially during a Command. The above example lists two Events. However, for each Event, an additional `before` and `after` event is created. Therefore, six Events exist in the above example:

- `before:deploy:resources`
- `deploy:resources`
- `after:deploy:resources`
- `before:deploy:functions`
- `deploy:functions`
- `after:deploy:functions`

The name of the command in front of lifecycle events when they are used for Hooks.

#### Hooks

A Hook binds code to any lifecycle event from any command.

```javascript
'use strict';

class Deploy {
  constructor() {
    this.commands = {
      deploy: {
        lifecycleEvents: ['resources', 'functions'],
      },
    };

    this.hooks = {
      'before:deploy:resources': this.beforeDeployResources,
      'deploy:resources': this.deployResources,
      'after:deploy:functions': this.afterDeployFunctions,
    };
  }

  beforeDeployResources() {
    console.log('Before Deploy Resources');
  }

  deployResources() {
    console.log('Deploy Resources');
  }

  afterDeployFunctions() {
    console.log('After Deploy Functions');
  }
}

module.exports = Deploy;
```

### Custom Variable Types

As of version `1.52.0` of the Serverless Framework, plugins can officially implement their own
variable types for use in serverless config files.

Example:

```javascript
'use strict';

class EchoTestVarPlugin {
  constructor() {
    getEchoTestValue(src) {
      return src.slice(5);
    }
    getDependentEchoTestValue(src) {
      return src.slice(5);
    }
    this.variableResolvers = {
      echo: this.getEchoTestValue,
      // if a variable type depends on profile/stage/region/credentials, to avoid infinite loops in
      // trying to resolve variables that depend on themselves, specify as such by setting a
      // dependendServiceName property on the variable getter
      echoStageDependent: {
        resolver: this.getDependentEchoTestValue,
        serviceName: 'echo that isnt prepopulated',
        isDisabledAtPrepopulation: true
    };
  }
}
```

The above plugin will add support for variables like `${echo:foobar}` and resolve to the key. EG:
`${echo:foobar}` will resolve to `'foobar'`.

#### `this.variableResolvers` structure

The data structure of `this.variableResolvers` is an `Object` with keys that are either a
`function` or `Object`.

The keys are used to generate the regex which matches the variable type. Eg, a key of `test` will
match variables like `${test:foobar}`.

If the value is a `function` it is used to resolve variables matched. It must be `async` or return
a `Promise` and accepts the variable string(with prefix but not the wrapping variable syntax,
eg `test:foobar`) as it's only argument.

If the value is an `Object`, it can have the following keys:

- `resolver` - required, a function, same requirements as described above.
- `isDisabledAtPrepopulation` - optional, a boolean, disable this variable type when populating
  stage, region, and credentials. This is important for variable types that depend on AWS or other
  service that depend on those variables
- `serviceName` - required if `isDisabledAtPrepopulation === true`, a string to display to users
  if they try to use the variable type in one of the fields disabled for populating
  stage/region/credentials.

### Defining Options

Each command can have multiple Options.

Options are passed in with a double dash (`--`) like this: `serverless function deploy --function functionName`.

Option Shortcuts are passed in with a single dash (`-`) like this: `serverless function deploy -f functionName`.

The `options` object will be passed in as the second parameter to the constructor of your plugin.

In it, you can optionally add a `shortcut` property, as well as a `required` property. The Framework will return an error if a `required` Option is not included. You can also set a `default` property if your option is not required.

**Note:** At this time, the Serverless Framework does not use parameters.

```javascript
'use strict';

class Deploy {
  constructor(serverless, options) {
    this.serverless = serverless;
    this.options = options;

    this.commands = {
      deploy: {
        lifecycleEvents: ['functions'],
        options: {
          function: {
            usage: 'Specify the function you want to deploy (e.g. "--function myFunction")',
            shortcut: 'f',
            required: true,
          },
          stage: {
            usage: 'Specify the stage you want to deploy to. (e.g. "--stage prod")',
            shortcut: 's',
            default: 'dev',
          },
        },
      },
    };

    this.hooks = {
      'deploy:functions': this.deployFunction.bind(this),
    };
  }

  deployFunction() {
    console.log('Deploying function: ', this.options.function);
  }
}

module.exports = Deploy;
```

### Provider Specific Plugins

Plugins can be provider specific which means that they are bound to a provider.

**Note:** Binding a plugin to a provider is optional. Serverless will always consider your plugin if you don't specify a `provider`.

The provider definition should be added inside the plugins constructor:

```javascript
'use strict';

class ProviderDeploy {
  constructor(serverless, options) {
    this.serverless = serverless;
    this.options = options;

    // set the providers name here
    this.provider = this.serverless.getProvider('providerName');

    this.commands = {
      deploy: {
        lifecycleEvents: ['functions'],
        options: {
          function: {
            usage: 'Specify the function you want to deploy (e.g. "--function myFunction")',
            required: true,
          },
        },
      },
    };

    this.hooks = {
      'deploy:functions': this.deployFunction.bind(this),
    };
  }

  deployFunction() {
    console.log('Deploying function: ', this.options.function);
  }
}

module.exports = ProviderDeploy;
```

The Plugin's functionality will now only be executed when the Serverless Service's provider matches the provider name which is defined inside the plugins constructor.

### Serverless Instance

The `serverless` instance which enables access to global service config during runtime is passed in as the first parameter to the plugin constructor.

```javascript
'use strict';

class MyPlugin {
  constructor(serverless, options) {
    this.serverless = serverless;
    this.options = options;

    this.commands = {
      log: {
        lifecycleEvents: ['serverless'],
      },
    };

    this.hooks = {
      'log:serverless': this.logServerless.bind(this),
    };
  }

  logServerless() {
    console.log('Serverless instance: ', this.serverless);
  }
}

module.exports = MyPlugin;
```

**Note:** [Variable references](./variables.md#reference-properties-in-serverlessyml) in the `serverless` instance are not resolved before a Plugin's constructor is called, so if you need these, make sure to wait to access those from your [hooks](#hooks).

### Command Naming

Command names need to be unique. If we load two commands and both want to specify the same command (e.g. we have an integrated command `deploy` and an external command also wants to use `deploy`) the Serverless CLI will print an error and exit. If you want to have your own `deploy` command you need to name it something different like `myCompanyDeploy` so they don't clash with existing plugins.

### Extending validation schema

If your plugin adds support for additional params in `serverless.yml` file, you should also add validation rules to the Framework's schema. Otherwise, the Framework may place validation errors to command output about your params.

The Framework uses JSON-schema validation backed by [AJV](https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv). You can extend [initial schema](/lib/configSchema/index.js) inside your plugin constuctor by using `defineTopLevelProperty`, `defineCustomProperties`, `defineFunctionEvent`, `defineFunctionEventProperties`, `defineFunctionProperties` or `defineProvider` helpers.

Use the following map to know which helper suits best your needs.

```yml
custom:
  my-plugin:
    customProperty: foobar # <-- use defineCustomProperties

my-plugin: # <-- use defineTopLevelProperty
  customProperty: foobar

provider:
  name: new-provider # <-- use defineProvider
  my-plugin:
    customProperty: foobar

functions:
  someFunc:
    handler: handler.main
    customProperty: foobar # <-- use defineFunctionProperties
    events:
      - yourPluginEvent: # <-- use defineFunctionEvent
          customProperty: foobar
      - http:
          customProperty: foobar # <-- use defineFunctionEventProperties
```

We'll walk though those helpers. You may also want to check out examples from [helpers tests](tests/fixtures/configSchemaExtensions/test-plugin.js)

#### `defineTopLevelProperty` helper

If your plugin requires additional top-level properties (like `provider`, `custom`, `service`...), you can use the `defineTopLevelProperty` helper to add their definition.

Considering the following example

```yml
// serverless.yml

service: my-service

yourPlugin:
  someProperty: foobar
```

you'll need to add validation rules as described below:

```javascript
class NewTopLevelPropertyPlugin {
  constructor(serverless) {
    this.serverless = serverless;

    // Create schema for your properties. For reference use https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv
    const newCustomPropSchema = {
      type: 'object',
      properties: {
        someProperty: { type: 'string' },
      },
      required: ['someProperty'],
    };

    // Attach your piece of schema to main schema at top level
    serverless.configSchemaHandler.defineTopLevelProperty('yourPlugin', newCustomPropSchema);
  }
}
```

This way, if user sets `someProperty` by mistake to `false`, the Framework would display an error:

```
Serverless: Configuration error: yourPlugin.someProperty should be string
```

#### `defineCustomProperties` helper

Let's say your plugin depends on some properties defined in `custom` section of `serverless.yml` file.

```yml
// serverless.yml

custom:
  yourPlugin:
    someProperty: foobar
```

To add validation rules to these properties, your plugin would look like this:

```javascript
class NewEventPlugin {
  constructor(serverless) {
    this.serverless = serverless;

    // Create schema for your properties. For reference use https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv
    const newCustomPropSchema = {
      type: 'object',
      properties: {
        someProperty: { type: 'string' },
      },
      required: ['someProperty'],
    };

    // Attach your piece of schema to main schema
    serverless.configSchemaHandler.defineCustomProperties(newCustomPropSchema);
  }
}
```

This way, if user sets `someProperty` by mistake to `false`, the Framework would display an error:

```
Serverless: Configuration error: custom.yourPlugin.someProperty should be string
```

#### `defineFunctionEvent` helper

Let's say your plugin adds support to a new `yourPluginEvent` function event. To use this event, a user would need to have `serverless.yml` file like this:

```yml
// serverless.yml

functions:
  someFunc:
    handler: handler.main
    events:
      - yourPluginEvent:
          someProp: hello
          anotherProp: 1
```

In this case your plugin should add validation rules inside your plugin constructor. Otherwise, the Framework would display an error message saying that your event is not supported:

```
Serverless: Configuration error: Unsupported function event 'yourPluginEvent'
```

To fix this error and more importantly to provide validation rules for your event, modify your plugin constructor with code like this:

```javascript
class NewEventPlugin {
  constructor(serverless) {
    this.serverless = serverless;

    // Create schema for your properties. For reference use https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv
    serverless.configSchemaHandler.defineFunctionEvent('providerName', 'yourPluginEvent', {
      type: 'object',
      properties: {
        someProp: { type: 'string' },
        anotherProp: { type: 'number' },
      },
      required: ['someProp'],
      additionalProperties: false,
    });
  }
}
```

This way, if user sets `anotherProp` by mistake to `some-string`, the Framework would display an error:

```
Serverless: Configuration error: functions.someFunc.events[0].yourPluginEvent.anotherProp should be number
```

#### `defineFunctionEventProperties` helper

When your plugin extend other plugin events definition for a specific provider, you can use the `defineFunctionEventProperties` to extend event definition with your custom properties.

For example, if your plugin adds support to a new `documentation` property on `http` event from `aws` provider, you should add validations rules inside your plugin constructor for this new property.

```javascript
class NewEventPlugin {
  constructor(serverless) {
    this.serverless = serverless;

    // Create schema for your properties. For reference use https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv
    serverless.configSchemaHandler.defineFunctionEventProperties('aws', 'http', {
      properties: {
        documentation: { type: 'object' },
      },
      required: ['documentation'],
    });
  }
}
```

This way, if user sets `documentation` by mistake to `anyString`, the Framework would display an error:

```
Serverless: Configuration error: functions.someFunc.events[0].http.documentation should be object
```

#### `defineFunctionProperties` helper

Let's say your plugin adds support to a new `someProperty` function property. To use this property, a user would need to have `serverless.yml` file like this:

```yml
// serverless.yml

functions:
  someFunc:
    handler: handler.main
    someProperty: my-property-value
```

In this case your plugin should add validation rules inside your plugin constructor. Otherwise, the Framework would display an error message saying that your property is not supported:

```
ServerlessError: Configuration error:
at 'functions.someFunc': unrecognized property 'someProperty'
```

To fix this error and more importantly to provide validation rules for your property, modify your plugin constructor with code like this:

```javascript
class NewFunctionPropertiesPlugin {
  constructor(serverless) {
    this.serverless = serverless;

    // Create schema for your properties. For reference use https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv
    serverless.configSchemaHandler.defineFunctionProperties('providerName', {
      properties: {
        someProperty: { type: 'string' },
        anotherProperty: { type: 'number' },
      },
      required: ['someProperty'],
    });
  }
}
```

This way, if user sets `anotherProperty` by mistake to `hello`, the Framework would display an error:

```
ServerlessError: Configuration error at 'functions.someFunc.anotherProperty': should be number
```

#### `defineProvider` helper

In case your plugin provides support for new provider, you would want to adjust validation schema. Here is example:

```javascript
class NewProviderPlugin {
  constructor(serverless) {
    this.serverless = serverless;

    // Create schema for your provider. For reference use https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv
    serverless.configSchemaHandler.defineProvider('newProvider', {
      // Eventual reusable schema definitions (will be put to top level "definitions" object)
      definitions: {
        // ...
      },

      // Top level "provider" properties
      provider: {
        properties: {
          stage: { type: 'string' },
          remoteFunctionData: { type: 'null' },
        },
      },

      // Function level properties
      function: {
        properties: { handler: { type: 'string' } },
      },

      // Function events definitions (can be defined here or via `defineFunctionEvent` helper)
      functionEvents: {
        someEvent: {
          name: 'someEvent',
          schema: {
            type: 'object',
            properties: {
              someRequiredStringProp: { type: 'string' },
              someNumberProp: { type: 'number' },
            },
            required: ['someRequiredStringProp'],
            additionalProperties: false,
          },
        },
      },

      // Definition for eventual top level "resources" section
      resources: {
        type: 'object',
        properties: {
          // ...
        },
      },

      // Definition for eventual top level "layers" section
      layers: {
        type: 'object',
        additionalProperties: {
          type: 'object',
          properties: {
            // ...
          },
        },
      },
    });
  }
}
```

### Extending the `info` command

The `info` command which is used to display information about the deployment has detailed `lifecycleEvents` you can hook into to add and display custom information.

Here's an example overview of the info lifecycle events the AWS implementation exposes:

```
-> info:info
  -> aws:info:validate
  -> aws:info:gatherData
  -> aws:info:displayServiceInfo
  -> aws:info:displayApiKeys
  -> aws:info:displayEndpoints
  -> aws:info:displayFunctions
  -> aws:info:displayStackOutputs
```

Here you could e.g. hook into `after:aws:info:gatherData` and implement your own data collection and display it to the user.

**Note:** Every provider implements its own `info` plugin so you might want to take a look into the `lifecycleEvents` the provider `info` plugin exposes.
